Method
What classing decides
A classed choropleth makes a claim — these places belong together, that one does not — and because the breaks are stated, a reader can disagree with it. A continuous ramp makes no claim, which reads as neutrality but is really a refusal to decide: it hands the reader a gradient no value can be recovered from, and hides the same threshold effects inside smooth colour.
Life expectancy at birth, 3,070 US counties. Same values and palette in both panels; only the classification changes.
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps 2024, UW Population Health Institute. CHR 2024 v147 (life expectancy, NVSS 2019–2021) for ranked counties; population v051. FIPS joins us-atlas county topology. Continuous ramp spans the 2nd–98th percentile: Buffalo County reports 55.9 years and Mono County 98.9, a 43-year spread that would otherwise flatten every real difference between them.